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Viewers and readers are commonly immersing themselves in the serial stories of movies, television, and books through the practice of media marathoning. This trend of media marathoning has gained prominence due, in part, to the advent of digital technologies that enable immediate, user-controlled access to desired mediated texts. The popularity of media marathoning not only marks a shift in the way that readers/viewers interact with media, it signifies a change in the types of stories that get told, how those stories get told, and the ideological work of those stories. This blog is a space to capture our understanding of media marathoning, an understanding that will evolve with your help.

 

The Historic Arrested Development Memorial Day Weekend

The media marathoning blog has been quiet lately because of the end-of-semester craziness and wonderful baby Rosaleen who arrived in my life last week. I am working on a post about motherhood and marathoning, but it is on hold because of a different birth: the Arrested Development Netflix “mini-series” that debuts on Sunday, May 26th. Really, there’s no name for what Mitch Hurwitz and Netflix have created, but mini-series comes close enough.

Image from renegadecinema.

Image from renegadecinema.

Wired has been extensively covering the made-for-Internet media event, including this interesting interview with Hurwitz. He touches upon two key themes that I’m discovering have great importance to media marathoning.

Storytelling forms are indeed changing with the medium and method through which they are disseminated. I’m currently working on the “cognitive involvement” section of the media marathoning monograph and several marathoners have remarked that television marathoning is like watching an extended movie. A.J. noted that television shows “have cliffhangers so you kind of connect them all to make a movie.” Reading a book series in one go was also akin to reading “one long book” for marathoner Debra. Marathoners treasure the continuity that the full series offers them, with their rapid consumption of the text often driven by the need to gain plot closure and see what happens to the characters with whom they formed relationships. Caleb, for example, felt “burned” by not having full closure to Twin Peaks and now marathons to prevent that loss of resolution.

Marathoning also seems to have a temporal “sweet spot,” which I describe as a contrast of being a tourist or a resident. Tourists are just concerned with rushing through, hitting the highlights, and not immersing themselves in the story culture, while residents are seeking that immersive experience of fully grasping the diegetic ins and outs. Arrested Development residents may have googled Bob Loblaw’s Law Blog, crafted their own chicken dance, and chuckled after hearing the simple words, “I’ve made a terrible mistake.”

In the Wired interview, Hurwitz expresses concerns about people watching all 15 episodes in one go, noting that fatigue would set in and critical thinking would be diminished. Each text has different requirements of readers/viewers and each reader/viewer has different cognitive capacities, but I will agree with Hurwitz on this one. Arrested Development has too much density to consume that quickly (although a 500-minute television viewing event would be a lot of fun). My intentions are to watch 2 or 3 episodes a day once they are released. I don’t normally get in that much television viewing, but television viewing can go hand-in-hand with my new full time job of baby feeding. The boppy, baby, and I are ready.

If you’re planning to view all the new Arrested Development episodes next week, consider commenting on this blog post and allowing me to include your experience in my research (with a pseudonym attached if I use a quote from you). Everyone who answers three questions by June 3rd will be entered into a drawing for a $20 Amazon gift card. Just put your name on the post and drop me an email (to LPerks3@naz.edu) if I don’t already have your email or we’re not Facebook friends so I know how to contact you if you win. These are the three questions but feel free to say more beyond this:

1. How quickly did you view the show?

2. In what ways did your quick consumption of the show impact your understanding of the plot lines and characters?

3. Did the 15 episodes live up to your expectations and fulfill your need to extend the story of Arrested Development ?

 

Media Marathoning Patterns: Why I Keep Watching the Same Types of Characters

I think whether we realize it, or not, many of us are drawn to shows with similar themes and characters.  I’m not saying that we only marathon the same shows over and over again, but I believe many viewers will be able to track the patterns in their marathoning behavior.  The most obvious commonality in my marathoned shows is strong female characters.  While the rest of my generation became enamored of Bella “I’m Passive, So You Just Make Decisions for Me” Swan and her sparkling boyfriend, I became really interested in Leslie Knope of Parks and Recreation.  She is the uber-enthusiastic, super confident deputy of the parks department.  I like her because she smart, hardworking, idealistic and has never compromised her own goals for a guy.  There are so many texts out there that present weak female characters, that I ‘m glad that I have access to shows that demonstrate how strong women can be.

Along with Parks and Rec, I’ve also marathoned Daria, Girls, Homeland, Buffy the Vampire Slayer and Weeds in the past.  They all feature women who are smart, strong, independent, and—even when they fail—are able to pick themselves up and go on without anyone else’s help.  Also, none of the women on these shows allow themselves to be defined by a guy.  That’s pretty rare on television, and it makes me love them even more.

In addition to presenting complex female characters, all of these shows feature women that are a little outside the mainstream.  Hannah of Girls has the unfortunate tendency to dress in clothes that do not fit properly.  Check out this classic look:Also, she manages to embarrass herself in every episode.  This is probably why I like her so much; I also have a pattern of humiliating myself.  In turn, Carrie of Homeland, Buffy, and Nancy of Weeds all have secrets in their lives that hinder them from speaking openly to their friends and family.  Sure, killing vampires is different from being a drug dealer or being a CIA operative hunting terrorists, but you get the idea.  And then there is Daria who would not be a part of mainstream even if someone paid her.  She and her friend Jane are perfectly happy being on the outside mocking those on the inside.  I guess the reason I find myself drawn back to these shows is that I am able to see myself in all of these women.  The personal resonance and the constant need to see strong, flawed, real women on television is what keeps bringing me back.

Other media marathoners have discovered that they gravitate toward science fiction, ensemble casts, or dystopian texts. Do you have a pattern to your commonly marathoned texts? If so, let us know what it is–and what you think that says about you.

The Hungary Games: How Marathoning Can Be Diplomacy

I think it is safe to say that media marathoning has a way of creating community and connection amongst different people.  It can unite readers and writers and create consensus on the best shows.  It can give old friends even more things to talk about.  It can make a foreign student feel welcome and understood in another country.

That last sentence might not be as obvious, but that was my experience on a recent trip to Hungary.  I went with a group of Nazareth students and faculty, with the purpose of presenting a paper at America Week.  This occasion is a conference for students and professors, where each participant shares research about American culture.  I presented a paper about marathoning and its influence on a viewer’s life.  The presentation went well, and I received questions from Hungarians and Americans alike, but I don’t think that marathoning is exclusive to the U.S. anymore.  In fact, marathoning helped this shy viewer make friends and plenty of conversation abroad.

I spent half of my spring break with Rami, a local student in Veszprem, Hungary.  I stayed at her home, met her friends, and got to know her family.  I do not think that we would have gotten along half as well if it weren’t for marathoning.  My first night staying with Rami was plagued with small talk and awkward pauses—until we started talking about my paper and our favorite shows.  Turns out, we have a lot in common.  As she says, she loves “series,” and I could not agree more.  In fact, she is the only other person I have met who loves Happy Endings as much as I do.  Seriously, she’s the only one in Hungary or America.  It turns out marathoning can create community on an international level.  It helped me break the ice, come out of my shell and get to know my awesome host family.  Maybe the Secretary of State should research his foreign peers’ favorite shows in the future?

This international connection from marathoning has followed me back home.  I recently sent Rami the Hunger Games trilogy, as a result of our conversation about the movie.  I am interested to see whether she prefers Jennifer Lawrence to the text’s version of Katniss.  In any case, I have never been more thankful for having marathoning in my life.  It made my trip to Hungary academically and socially successful.

The Hungary Games

What March Madness and Media Marathoning Have in Common

March Madness

We have no bank holidays in mid-March, but March Madness is a media equivalent. The festivities tipped off today (go Georgetown), with 60% of respondents of an online MSN poll reporting that they would fill out a bracket. My first experience filling out a bracket was at Penn State in 2003. I finished near the bottom, but selecting and updating my bracket was so exciting that I always look forward to this March ritual.

This blog is dedicated to media marathoning, and while I don’t consider watching basketball for hours a media marathon, the practices do have one commonality: they are media events.

I use the phrase “media event” as it is defined by Dayan and Katz (2000). The authors explain that “The most obvious difference between media events and other formulas or genres of broadcasting is that they are, by definition, not routine. In fact, they are interruptions of routine; they intervene in the normal flow of broadcasting and our lives” (403).

Marathons can undoubtedly interrupt our lives (if we let them). Many media marathoners have reported ignoring regular responsibilities such as cooking, cleaning, working, and parenting. Netflix even strove for this impact as it created a top-down media event with the all-at-once release of House of Cards. Producer Beau Willimon laughed that, “Our goal is to shut down a portion of America for a whole day” (quoted in Stelter, para. 4).

Recognizing that March Madness was a media event that divided my Penn State students’ attention, I allowed one student in each of my public speaking courses to announce updated basketball scores between speeches. Those in the working world who want to pretend to be responsible can put a Boss Button on their browser to quickly switch from game coverage to perpetuate the appearance of productivity. Come to think of it, the Boss Button is also a good tool for at-work marathoners.

One of the benefits of giving yourself and your time over to a media marathon or March Madness is that you’re in the know. You can knowledgeably engage in conversations about the texts that you’re consuming–whether they are fictitious or sports-related. And if you’re an avid media consumer who doesn’t know much about March Madness, here’s a Star Wars tutorial to help you understand the tournament in a familiar language.

The Most Interesting Media Marathoner

 

most interesting man

The Most Interesting Man from quickmeme.com

Spring break has finally arrived (phew!), and I’m now working on the introduction to the media marathoning project. The current iteration of the introduction incorporates how content-delivery technologies have fueled changes in viewer/reader behaviors and media content. The essential argument is that our ability to stream and download has encouraged more immersive viewing/reading experiences and has concurrently allowed content producers to create more complex stories. Because the text is more consistently available with a click of the mouse or a flick of the remote (compared to a TV episode that would air once or a book we’d have to physically buy/borrow rather than download), viewers/readers will do the work to follow along and can enjoy the more detailed narratives. (See Jason Mittell’s upcoming book or 2006 Velvet Light Trap article for a more in-depth look at complex narratives.)

To be fair, some of the marathons do not involve texts that can be considered complex. Gossip Girl, The Hunger Games, and Star Wars aren’t exactly difficult to comprehend. However, marathoners are taking great pleasure in analyzing the social significance of texts, learning historical information from texts, and searching for plot holes, among other forms of higher-order thinking. (You can tell I’m concurrently working on the media marathoning introduction and the chapter on marathoners’ cognitive involvement with the texts.)

The collective sum of the three variables (innovative content-delivery technologies, changes in viewer/reader behaviors, and quality media content) is the best explanation I can offer for why media marathoning is happening now. My interviews suggest that this trend has really taken off in the last 5-8 years.

I would love to hear from readers about what you think has changed in the last 5-8 years in media or society to pave the way for marathoning.  Are you marathoning because the Most Interesting Man is doing it? Or because you can’t watch just one movie featuring the handsome guy in the vest…you have to watch all three?

Handsome Han Retrieved from http://izismile.com/

Handsome Han Retrieved from http://izismile.com

I Tried to Steal CNET’s Thunder

Avid Media Marathoning blog reader (and behind-the-scenes contributor), Josh Perks, just sent me a CNET article that echoes last week’s “Beware the DVR” post. Writer Chris Matyszczyk provides further support that the time-shifting technologies are really time-eating technologies. He also seems to know the list of commonly marathoned texts quite well, referencing “quality TV” staples Downton Abbey (the subject of a December blog post), Breaking Bad, and The Walking Dead. At least one of our interviewees marathoned most of the shows he mentioned feeling guilty about not watching, Perhaps I need to start a new round of media marathoner interviews to capture the House of Cards phenomenon…

Because I have to take notes on these commonly marathoned texts for the media marathoning book project, I feel his pain about feeling overwhelmed, guilty, and out of the loop. It’s easy to read and take notes on the book series, but much more time consuming to cover the TV series. So far I have tackled Arrested Development, Buffy, Downton Abbey, Firefly, Gossip Girl, and Weeds, but I still have Battlestar, Dexter, Glee, Mad Men, The League, True Blood, and Walking Dead on my list. Perhaps Matyszczyk would like to divide up the titles and then share notes when we’re done watching? We’d both be able to pretend we are in the know. His bar chats would be much more pleasant, and I’d be done researching this book. (Yes, in some circles, watching TV is actually “research.”)

Beware the DVR

It’s again that time in the academic year where professors, staff, and students all feel that they are behind in their work. (In the restaurant world, we would be “in the weeds.”) I am not only behind on grading, conference paper writing, and lesson prep, but I am also behind on watching TV. I am so behind that an episode of Project Runway was no longer available when I finally had time to watch it last weekend. (And I really wanted to see the flower shop/hardware store challenge.)

In the weeds

Trying to find a way out of the weeds. Image from http://hrcasestudies.blogspot.com

All this talk of being behind on TV and needing to “catch up” is a product of new media. With our Blu-ray player hooked up to both the internet and the TV, I am now a committed streamer (and so is my child). I remember the days when I would tell Hazel that she had to wait 10 minutes until Curious George came on. I also remember the days when I would turn on a sitcom to decompress at night and find my heart racing when I heard the baby cry out 5 minutes before the show’s end.

Time-shifting technologies such as DVRs, DVDs, on-demand services, and streaming have enabled us to choose what we want to watch, when we want to watch it (and helped parents everywhere be calmer when it turns out their child isn’t asleep for the night). But we also need to consider that a consequence of this shift is that we rarely miss a show. Instead of friends or the internet filling us in on the plot of a show we missed, we just add to our cue or fill up our hard drive, and therefore add to our to-do list. We can watch what we want, when we want–but the bottom line is we must watch (because we can). It is for this reason that I am arguing (in one of those conference papers that has me “in the weeds”) that time-shifting technologies at once promote viewer agency as we reduce our reliance on traditional broadcast schedules, but they also take away some of our agency in that we find it harder to NOT watch. In sum, time-shifting technologies are also time-eating technologies.

Time shifting emerged as a notable theme in our survey and focus group discourse. When asked what would motivate him to do another marathon, television marathoner Arthur (a pseudonym) factored time-shifting technologies and his family prominently into the decision, enumerating

1. I now have streaming video to make this possible. 2. My schedule is so demanding I rarely have time to watch TV normally, and I can almost never catch a show during its usual time slot. My children have equally full schedules, so we often have to play “catch-up” on TV shows we’ve heard about from others.

What Arthur didn’t recognize is that “catching up” was also contributing to that full schedule.

What The New York Times Isn’t Telling You About Media Marathoning

In the last 24 hours, three friends have sent me Brian Stelter’s New York Times article about television marathoning. He and other journalists (e.g., John Jurgensen and Jim Pagels) have been writing about television marathoning and introducing the public to this popular viewing behavior. (Some use the term media bingeing, but I’m sticking with marathoning because of the commitment, exhaustion, sense of accomplishment, and memorability viewers report taking from their intense media experience.)

Image from oregonmusicnews.com

Image from oregonmusicnews.com

Stelter conducted interviews with many television and technology executives to inform his article, but he could use more information from two key components of this marathoning trend: the audience and the texts. I’ve recently wrapped up research with 176 media marathoners and am currently halfway through taking notes on commonly marathoned texts. Based on my immersion in the world of marathoning, I see five key points Stelter omits that are integral to understanding the marathoning experience and I agree with five key marathoning points he raises.

Stelter’s Omissions

  1. Every popular press account of marathoning that I’ve seen has focused only on television. Readers are also marathoning book series and viewers are marathoning film series. (Just ask any reader of the Hunger Games series how quickly s/he finished them all.)
  2. Marathoning can be a form of addiction. People I interviewed called in sick to work (or marathoned at work), gave up sleep, put off household responsibilities, and relied on their spouse for child care. Life’s daily rigors couldn’t stop some marathons.
  3. Marathoning does have a “healthy” side, too. Some readers and viewers used marathons strategically when recovering from surgeries and illnesses. Others rode out labor pains or depressive states with media marathons.
  4. Some marathoners are tourists wanting to get through their texts quickly to “see what happens” and others are residents who want to immerse themselves in the mediated world.
  5. Many marathoned texts share common features: the villain often exploits technology (Death Stars, Death Sticks, evil rings, and even social media) to attempt domination; the heroes are often merciful (think Frodo, Harry Potter, Buffy, and Michael Bluth–not Dexter); there is often a puppeteer (wise wizard, “watcher,” victor of “the games,” oracle, etc.) who controls the hero’s strings.

Stelter’s Hits

  1. Media marathoning is “empowered by DVD box sets and Netflix subscriptions.” (It’s also empowered by illegal downloads, e-readers, and marathons on the cable networks.)
  2. Marathoned texts are ignoring “some of the traditions that are so common on network TV” and are assuming that viewers have seen, studied, immersed themselves in the show. Viewers don’t need to be carefully led along anymore. They want to be rewarded for paying attention.
  3. Viewers do have “command of what they watch and when” because of these time-shifting technologies such as DVRs, video-on-demand, and streaming. (We can thank their precursor, the VCR.)
  4. Television producer Glen Mazzara’s vow to watch HBO’s Girls when the full series is over is not unusual. Marian, a 71-year-old marathoner, confessed, “I hate TV shows with all the advertising breaks and wait until they come out on video.” Although HBO solves Marian’s advertising problem, many viewers still like getting the series all in one go.
  5. Many television marathoners agree that the practice is “like reading a novel”–or like watching a movie series.

I love that media marathoning is being covered in the popular press, but I do wish there was less of a top-down approach to covering the phenomenon through executive’s eyes and more bottom-up research on audience members and texts. Or maybe I’m just jealous because I don’t have access to media and technology executives. An Amazon executive probably wouldn’t go for the $10 Amazon gift card incentive I gave to other interviewees…

 

 

Breaking Up With a Show

Image

The winter television hiatus might also have you questioning whether or not you’ll return to a show. My students discussed their media breakups last semester and came up with a comprehensive list of what makes them want to leave a show. These are reasons a television show/viewer relationship may go stale:

1. No Carrot to Chase: You aren’t seeing much suspense in the show. Some common suspense busters are life changes, including characters’ marriages and the introduction of a baby. Grey’s Anatomy seems to be in this territory. He picked you, he chose you, he loves you. Done.

2. Genre Violation: A show changes from its original winning formula. The primary example my students gave was Glee’s switch from cynical musical to musical musical. In their opinion, it lost some of its snarky, interesting commentary.

3. Gimicks: You know a show has jumped the shark when it’s focusing less on its stock characters and winning formula. Instead, it’s including more gimmicks (like a leather-jacket clad water skier jumping over a shark) or guest stars. Roseanne’s final season is the epitome for me.

roseanne-lottery1

Image from adambobomb.blogspot

4. Chaos: Some shows scramble too hard to maintain their audience by introducing many outlandish plot ideas. My students were particularly troubled by the chaos on Nip Tuck, Weeds, and (un-ironically) Sons of Anarchy. Lost’s directionlessness would also fit here.

5. Temporal Gap: Life changes can lead to relationship dissolution. The same holds true for television shows that skip ahead to new life situations (e.g. the One Tree Hill gang heading off to college).

6. New Actors: Two Darrins, two Beckys, two Aunt Vivs, and viewers are not fooled. Substituting actors instead of changing characters is often tough for viewers to take.

aunt viv

Image from www.themoviemaker.wordpress

Unfortunately, The Office has many of these characteristics. I’ve got no carrot to chase now that Pam and Jim are married with children, no Michael Scott to cringe at, and many gimmicky episodes that lack the show’s initial charm (head lice, anyone?).

In her analysis of cult texts, Sarah Gwennlian-Jones writes of a need to “diminish the threat of an unwelcome cognitive collapse into recognition of impossibilities–a collapse that would demolish immersive experience of the fictional world” (94). Many of the reasons viewers break up with their shows can be traced to no longer suspending their disbelief. Without the suspension of disbelief, immersion and enjoyment decrease. Is it possible that The Office’s gimmicks and chaos make it harder for me to believe that someone like Dwight Schrute could exist? Does this mean I should cancel my trip to Schrute Farms?

Real and Fantasy Collide

Wizard staff from vegetarianhostess.com

 

After denuding a brussels sprout stalk, I banged it on the counter and barked at Josh, “You shall not pass!” when he tried to enter the kitchen. I was inspired to make this post after I realized how often Josh and I quote from our favorite marathoned texts. Marathoned texts do show up in our everyday lives quite often–whether we’re quote nerds or not. I’ve assembled a small collection of examples of the real and fantasy worlds colliding.

Students have told me Nazareth College is sometimes compared to Hogwarts. This comparison seems more believable when observing the homage to the Potter family in nearby Fairport Village: Fairport, New York boasts Potter Park (named after the wizarding family, of course) and a James Potter cross street that can’t possibly be a coincidence. (The “J” and “M” in James are on the sign, but are not well-captured here.)

Photo by Josh

Elise, one of my media marathoning students, also sent me an image that made me feel less sheepish about wielding my brussels sprout staff.

Image retrieved from dorkly.com

 

In addition to the fantasy world of LOTR in my kitchen and Harry Potter references in Fairport, the fictitious mob world lives on in Austin, Texas (our home prior to Fairport). Don Corleone’s serves up some terrible pizza. Maybe it tastes better if you eat it with cotton balls stuffed in your cheeks?

Image from doncorleonesonline.com

Finally, my favorite reference is not visual, but auditory.  I was riding my bike (in Fairport again) when I felt like X-Wing fighters were coming after me! See if you can guess what is making the X-Wing fighter sound in the video. Josh assures me it’s very obvious, but I still think the sound is cool. I could find no evidence to confirm if this is the type of sound George Lucas sampled to provide the auditory assault in his intergalactic war; however, I’d place a bet on it. George, what say you?

YouTube Preview Image

Both fantasy and lived worlds borrow heavily from one another. These little references to some of my favorite marathoned texts are at once a happy reminder of these stories I love and an embarrassing reminder of how often I think about them.